Apparatus for the production of leno fabrics.



J. KING.

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LENO FABRICS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC]. 31, 1907.

946.137. Patented Jan.11-,1910. 4

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J. KING.

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LENO FABRICS.

APPLICATION IILBD DEC. 31, 1907.

946, 1 37. Patented Jan. 11, 1910.

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J. KING. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUOTIONOF LENO FABRICS.

APPLICATION FILED -D150. 31,1907.

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APPARATUS FOR THE PBODUGTION 0F LENO FABRICS.

APPLIUATION FILED DBO. 31, 1907.

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. J. KING. APPARATUS FOR THEPRODUCTION OP LENO FABRICS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, 1907.

946, 1 3'7, Patented Jan. 11,1910.

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J. KING. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LBNO FABRICS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, 1907.

Patented Jan. 11, 1910.

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APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LENO FABRICS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 11, 1910.

Application filed December 31, 1967. Serial No. 408,807.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH KING, a subject of the King of Great Britain,and resi dent of No. 65 Cliffe street, Keighley, in the county of York,England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatusfor the Production of Leno Fabrics, of which the following description,to gether with the accompanying sheets of drawings, is a specification.

My invention relates to the production of that class of leno fabricswherein a com paratively large number of warp threads are made to crossover at intervals another greater, less or equal number of adjoiningthreads and yet allow both lots or series of said threads to beinterwoven with their weft threads in the ordinary manner in theintervals between said crossings.

My invention consists in the application of devices or means to a powerloom so that the production of the class of fabric clescribed, may beautomatically carried into effect in unison with the other motions ofthe loom as it is operated in the usual manner.

In the accompanying sheets of drawings which are illustrative of myinvention Figure l is a sectional end elevation of sufficient of a loomto illustrate the application thereto of my improved parts. The relativepositions of the parts as shown are those which they assume during thepassage of the shuttle. Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. l but showsonly such parts of same as are necessary to illustrate my improveddevices in other positions than those which they are shown to occupy bysaid Fig. 1, said altered position being that in which the parts aresituated when beating up the weft. Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 2but illustrates the parts in certain positions hereinafter explained.Fig. i is a front elevation of the parts shown by Fig. 1, but showscertain of the parts in the position they occupy as illustrated by Fig.3. Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 4 but illustrates the parts in thepositions they occupy as shown by Fig. 1. Figs. 6 and 7 are perspectiveviews showing certain of my improved devices in the respective positionsof having laid-holdof the threads to be crossed and of having depressedthem to form the opening for the passage of the shuttle. Figs. 8 and 9illustrate the crossing of the warp threads in fabrics produced by myimproved apparatus. Fig. 10 is a drawing in detail showing a meanswhereby my improved parts may be actuated by a common jacquard.

Similar letters and figures of reference indicate similar partsthroughout the several views.

A indicates the ordinary framework of the loom, B the lay or slayboard,and C the lay-sword.

In carrying my invention into effect, I arrange the warp threads a topass or be connected through the reed b in the usual manner, as well asto be conducted in the ordinary way through the usual heddles or harnesswhich actuate them during ordinary weaving operations. However Iset-back or mount the reed b to the rear of the shuttle race on the layB sufficiently to afford space for pendent needles 0 to pass betweenthese parts to operate the warp threads at as hereinafter described.These needles 0 are fixed to levers d which are pivoted at 2 to thecross bar 6. This bar 6 is fixed upon the upper ends of the rods 3,which pass through the bar f (which secures the reed b and acts as theusual and well known hand rail) which acts as a guide for same, whiletheir lower extremities pass through guides 4 and 5 secured to thelaysword G. The lower ends of these rods 3, are fixed to the cross bar 6which acts as a binding stay to same and to the upper bar 6. Motion istransmitted to this bar 6 by the loom dobby or shedding mechanismraising the rear ends of the levers g (to which it is coupled by cordsh) and depressing the front ends of said levers 9 thus forcing down saidupper bar 0 by said levers g being coupled to the vertical rods 3, at k.The return or ascending motion of the bar 6 is effected by the springs'm, which take over the rods 3 and rest upon the guides i at one endwhile their upper extremities press upon hoops 7 secured to said rods 3.

The levers g which effect the descending motion of the bar 9 and itslevers d, are coupled to, or so as to be actuated simultaneously with,those jack levers, or other parts of the dobby or jacquard machine,which are arranged to actuate the levers n for slackening the warpthreads which pass over the usual leno slacking bang), thus whenever thelevers g are moved so also is the slackening bar or slackener p.

Since, in accordance with the arrangements of my improved parts as abovede scribed, the reed Z) is moved out of position for acting as a guidefor the shuttle as heretofore, I now mount projecting pins Q upon a bar7 which extends across the loom to carry the munber of pins Q requiredfor the whole width. These pins g extend from said bar '2' and passthrough openings made in a guide .9 fixed to the under surface of theslayboard B, and they are caused to ascend during the passage of theshuttle so that their upper extremities reach above the shuttle race asshown by Figs. 1, t and 5, while during the beating up of the weft bythe reed Z) these pins (1 are withdrawn or moved to occupy a positionbelow said shuttle race as shown by Fig. 2.

The bar 9' is fixed upon the upper ends of the rods 8 which pass throughopenings in the guides 4; and so that by another bar or stay-piece 9being secured to their lower extremities, they may be actuated by thelevers 10, spanning projecting parts 11 carried by them, as said leversare moved. These levers 10 are pivoted at 12 to bearings secured to thelayswords C, while their pendent arms are coupled at 13 to rods 1stwhich are held from longitudinal movement by being coupled to thebracket 14 fixed to the framework A. As the layswords C oscillate ormove backward and forward to beat up the weft and reeede to allow suchweft to be thrown between the threads of warp, the lovers 10 are carriedwith them and by the rods 14: being held against movement in the samedirections, said levers 10 are caused to oscillate and so actuate thepins as desired.

The levers (Z which carry the pendent needles 0, have inclined or camsurfaces 6 formed on their edges to contact with projections 15 fixed toa cross-bar 16 secured to the hand rail f. These levers (Z are retractedby springs it (which may be of metal although india-rubber bandsare.preferably employed since their retracting force can be more readilyincreased or decreased by simply winding extra coils upon or unwindingthem from their retaining parts formed by extensions of the pivotal pins2) so that they are always kept in contact with the projections 15 bywhich means as said levers are caused to descend from their positionshown by Figs. 1, 2 and 5 into the positions shown by Figs. 3 and a theactions of their inclined surfaces 2? upon the projections 15 cause saidlevers (Z to move laterally. Cords or bands 41 are fixed at 17 to thelevers (Z and are made to extend through eyes 18 approaching the pointedand extending ends of the needles 0, and down to the springs (preferablyof india rubber) (0 which are secured to hooks on a bar 19 fixed to, soas to move with, the rods 3 and the bar 6 and consequently with theneedle 0 and levers (Z. These rubber bands 10 are to keep the cords v ina state of tension and yet allow them to yield as occasion may require.

To each of the projections 15 are fixed two strings 00, one occupying aposition behind the needle 6 and the other a position in front of same.These strings extend to be coupled to springs (preferably ofindia-rubber) 3 which reach down to be secured to hooks on the bar 19 sothat as this bar 19 descends with the parts that carry the needles 0said cords a: are stretched and held in a state of tension thus causingthe threads of warp adjoining them to be pulled laterally to form anopening or leave a space for the needles 0 to pass through ashereinafter explained. The front string .11 also keeps the last shot ofweft from falling or remaining in the path of motion of said needleswhen they descend as stated.

The threads of warp a which have to be crossed over the adjoiningthreads, are raised by their heddles or harness to a higher level thanare said adjoining threads in order to enable the points of the needles0 to lay-hold-of or press them laterally without said points of theneedles coming into contact with said adjoining threads.

\Vhen the devices are constructed, arranged and mounted in position asabove described and the other parts of the loom are adjusted in the wellknown manner ready for the process of weaving to be carried out, on theloom being started the usual weaving operations are performed until theposition is reached when the warp threads have to be crossed over toform the leno desired. At this time the heddle or harness operatingmechanism causes the needles 0 to descend for their points to pass belowand to one side of the warp threads they have to actuate while theircords 1' will pass down the other side of them.

As the needles 0 commence to descend the actions of the cam surface itupon the projections 15 cause said needles to move over the top of thethreads of warp which are lower than those threads which the needles areforcing laterally somewhat as shown by Fig. (3. so that they are therebycarried beyond same in order that as the needles continue to descend thethreads which they actuate are gathered together between the points ofsaid needles and their cords 1, by which they are carried and caused todc scend on the opposite sides of the adjoining threads somewhat asshown by Fig. 7 thus the opening for the insertion of the weft be tweenthese threads is formed and on such insertion being completed theseveral needles and parts return to their normal positions and for theother or ordinary weaving operations to be continued leaving the 10110effect produced in the fabric as desired.

Since all the threads of warp are entirely free from the parts whichproduce the crossing-over or leno effect, as shown at 21 Figs. 8 and 9they may be operated to produce plain fabric as the part 22 between suchcrossingover effects 21, or other ordinary leno efiects or designs mayalso be produced in addition to those hereinbefore described and in thesame piece of fabric. \Vhen the threads of warp cross over all theadjoining threads as shown by Fig. '7 then the rear string 00 may bedispensed with since the lateral pull of each needle 0 upon its warpthreads will form an opening or clear space for its neiglr boringneedle. However the front string a: is retained to keep the weft clearof the needles as described.

Although only one series of needles 0 is herein shown and described itis obvious that I may employ two or more series of such needles and havethem operated by their respective parts as and when desired. It is alsoclear that if the spaces between the needles as above arranged are toolarge for the pattern desired, then other and additional needles withtheir levers mounted on the same pivotal pins 2 may be employed in whichcase said additional needles 0 or their levers [Z would be bent orshaped to fall or occupy positions in vertical planes adjoining theother series of needles.

Although the needles c are hereinbefore described as acting, and areshown by the accompanying drawings to act by descending from posit-ionsabove the warp, I would have it understood that I am aware that it ispossible for such needles to be arranged to operate beneath thewarp-threads in which case they would rise from their positions andbring their cords '0 so as to cross the threads beneath those adjoining.

In the production of leno fabrics in accordance with my presentinvention, when pattern or designs of fabrics are required whichnecessitate the employment of a jacquard machine, in order to enablesuch acqua rd machine to retain the crossing threads of warp in theirraised positions during the period of their crossing act-ions, althoughthis may be for several shots of weft to be inserted, I arrange a shaft24 carrying a series of metal loops 25 to support such threads as are tobe raised and this shaft 24 I arrange to be retained by being coupled tolevers 28 which are actuated by the lever 26 through the medium of the Tpiece 27 This lever 26 is operated by two or more needles in thejacquard, half of which are coupled to one end thereof, and the otherhalf to the other end. The needles in the jacquard machine which arecoupled to either end may raise said lever 26 at suchend, thus liftingthe piece 27 and levers 28 while when such raised end is descending byor with its actuating needles then if the lever 26 is desired to beretained in its highest position, the needles at the other end thereofare raised so that the central part of the lever 26 neither descends norascends at such time; thus the shaft is retained as desired.

Such being the nature and object of my invention, what I claim is 1. Anapparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics including anapproximately straight cord or band, a needle engaging said cord or bandintermediate the ends thereof, a support for one end of said cord orband, and means engaging the other end of said cord or band to exert atension thereon.

2. In apparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics, needlesmounted on pivoted levers, framework carrying said levers, means foractuating said framework, cords or bands mounted to act in conjunctionwith said needles and means for otherwise actuating the threads of warpto produce the ordinary openings or passage for the insertion of theweft substantially as herein specitied.

3. Apparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics in power looms,comprising a series of needles, levers to which such needles aresecured, framework for supporting and actuating said levers, means formoving said needles in a lateral direction, cords actuated by saidneedles, said needles and cords being arranged in front of the reed inthe loom, guiding pins or projections to keep the shuttle in its pathupon the lay, means for actuating said pins or projections and means foroperating the warp threads to form a passage for the shuttlesubstantially as herein specified.

4. In apparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics of the classdescribed, series of needles, means for transmitting vertical andlateral motion to such needles cords or bands actuated by said needles,retracting springs secured to such cords or bands, strings forseparating the warp threads so that a passage is made for the insertionof the needles, means for stretching and releasing such strings, meansfor actuating the warp threads for enabling the insertion of weft, andmeans for beatlng up such weft substantially as herein specified.

5. In apparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics, a series ofneedles having cord extensions, levers to which said needles aresecured, constructed with cam surfaces as described, retracting springsfor actuating said levers, projections against which said springs causesaid levers to press their cam surfaces, framework for supporting saidlevers, means for actuating said framework, means for operating thethreads of warp for allowing the insertion of the weft and means forbeating up such weft substantially as herein specified.

6. In apparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics, a series ofneedles, levers to which said needles are secured, a framework carryingsaid needles, means for oscillating said levers relatively to theframework, cords arranged to act in conjunction with said needles toenable them to 'arry the threads of warp as described, means foractuating the framework carrying the needles and levers, and meanswhereby the slackening of the warp may be effected simultaneously withthe actuating of the said needles substantially as herein specified.

7. In apparatus for use in the production of leno fabrics, a series ofpendent needles having cord extensions and means for exerting tension onsaid cord extensions, means for supporting said needles and moving themlaterally and vertically, the lay or slayboard of the loom formed toallow the operation of said needles, bearings or supports for the reedto keep same at a distance from the shuttle race, guiding pins forguiding the shuttle in its course across the lay, lever devices andparts for actuating said guiding pins in unison with the motion of thelay and other devices for actuating the warp threads substantially asherein specified.

8. In apparatus for the production of leno fabrics, a series of pendentneedles having cord extensions and means for exerting tension on saidcord extensions, means for supporting and actuating same, jacquardmechanism arranged to operate a shaft carrying metal loops for raisingthe threads of warp which are to be crossed over the other threads andsaid shaft with its metal loops substantially as herein specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto atlixed my signature in presence oftwo witnesses.

JOSEPH KING. IVitnesses JOHN IVHITEHEAD, FRED I'IAMMOND.

